A multi-dimensional model for describing internal bleeding detection in artery by Doppler ultrasound

Developing quantitative technique to detect internal bleeding is a key to improve efficiency of ultrasound hemostasis.A multi-dimensional approach was developed to describe the internal bleeding of the injured artery.It was consisted of a two-dimensional (2D) model describing the injured vessel and a one-dimensional model (1D) mimicking the downstream of vessel system.The validity of this approach was confirmed by both the numerical simulation and in vivo measurement.Resultsdemonstrated that there were a significant increase in magnitude and a phase-lag for the peak systolic velocity at the injury site which might be useful for quantitative internal bleeding detection and localization.