Abstract: A rapid calibration method for marine geodetic control networks based on the combination of beacon mutual ranging information and absolute coordinate information is proposed. Compared with existing methods, the rapid calibration method reduces the initial condition restriction of free net adjustment; the number of absolute calibration points is reduced by more than 50%, and the calibration efficiency and absolute coordinate precision are significantly improved. In addition, several typical formations under ideal conditions are proposed by analyzing the formations and absolute calibration points. The shallow water test results show that the calibration efficiency is improved by 50% when the calibration precision of the reference network is greater than 0.2 m and the calibration precision of the reference network is greater than 0.2 m.