重塑砂质含气沉积物的声响应特性与模型预测分析
Acoustic properties and model analysis of sandy gas-bearing sediments
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摘要: 海洋沉积物中气泡的存在对沉积物的声学特性有显著影响。为实现在实验室内对不同初始应力条件下含气沉积物的声学特性测量,研制了一套可用于土工三轴仪的双探针声学测量系统,基于CT扫描试验获得重塑含气砂样品中气泡群的尺寸分布,确定其共振频率范围。试验结果表明:细砂沉积物声速随气体含量的增加呈指数型降低,衰减系数随气体含量的增加呈指数递增,初始应力的增加会导致沉积物声速变快,声衰减变小。沉积物中气体含量0%~1.18%,测量频率250 kHz,有效围压100 kPa时,声速为1745~976 m/s,衰减系数为57~224 dB/m;有效围压200 kPa时,声速为1773~1011 m/s,衰减系数为41~192 dB/m。利用已建立的含气沉积物声学模型对试验结果进行预测对比,分析表明含气沉积物的声学模型除需考虑气泡的赋存状态和声波在沉积物固、液、气中的界面反射外,还需考虑沉积物所处的原位应力条件。Abstract: The acoustic properties of marine sediments are significantly affected by bubbles in the sediments.A double-probe acoustic measurement system was developed to study the acoustic properties of sandy gas-bearing sediments in the laboratory,which can simulate the in-situ stress condition of the sediments.The size distribution of bubbles in sand samples was obtained by CT scanning test,and the resonance frequency range of the bubbles is determined.As the increase of gas content in sediments,the compression wave speed decreases exponentially,and the attenuation coefficient increases exponentially.The sound speed of the sediment becomes faster and the attenuation coefficient becomes smaller with the increase of initial stress.When the measuring frequency is 250 kHz,the gas content in fine sand sediments with an effective confining pressure of 100 kPa is 0%-1.18%,the sound speed is 1745-976 m/s,and the attenuation coefficient is 57-224 dB/m.When the effective confining pressure is 200 kPa,the sound speed is 1773-1011 m/s,and the attenuation coefficient is 41-192 dB/m.The predicted values of the three acoustic models are compared with the experimental results.Although the occurrence state of gas bubbles and the reflection of acoustic waves at the solid,liquid,and gas interfaces have been considered,the in-situ stress of the sediments also needs to be considered in the theoretical model of gas-bearing sediments.