通过滤波检测水泥胶结质量的超声反射法
A technique to evaluate the cement bond quality through filtering the ultrasonic reflected wave
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摘要: 为防止流体沿井轴向窜槽,水泥与套管和地层的胶结必须是良好的。在固井质量检测中,超声反射法因具有较强的方位指向性而被广泛使用。但套管的高声阻抗导致了套管后的反射波信号比较微弱,使得水泥胶结质量的判别变得困难。为提高超声反射法的识别能力,我们以套管的共振频率为中心频率对反射全波进行滤波,降低套管的前表面反射波幅度,凸显套管后面携带水泥胶结信息的反射波。滤波后的波形呈现出数个波包,不同胶结情况下这些波包的幅度存在明显差异,通过这些差异可以判断水泥胶结质量。我们还利用有限声束模型计算了斜入射时的反射全波,探讨了入射角对超声反射波的影响。Abstract: Cement bond quality is very important to keep an oil well from hydraulic communication between zones.In cement bond quality detection,the ultrasonic echo method is widely used for its capability of channeling azimuth detection.Because of the high acoustic impedance of the casing,the amplitude of the reflected wave outside the casing is small and cannot easily be used to evaluate the cementing job.The wave that can propagate into cement and formation through the casing concentrates closely on the casing resonant frequency.To reduce the amplitude of the reflected wave from casing inner surface and highlight the part of the reflected wave which carries cementing quality information,we filter the reflected full wave according to the casing resonant frequency.There are several wave packets in the filtered waveform.These wave packets are different for different cement conditions,so that the cement bond quality can be told from the differences.Reflection of an acoustic beam with finite width is modeled to reveal the sensitivity of the amplitude of the received ultrasonic reflected wave to the incident angle.