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中文核心期刊

维吾尔语焦点的韵律实现及感知

Prosodic encoding and perception of focus in Uygur

  • 摘要: 通过严格控制的语音实验,研究了维吾尔语陈述句中焦点对音高和时长的调节作用。实验设计了两个目标句,请发音人根据上下文自然地强调句中相应的词,随后还考察了焦点的感知问题。结果表明:(1)以句末焦点为基线,维吾尔语焦点的韵律编码方式类似于北京话和英语中的"三区段"调节模式,表现为焦点词音高升高、音域扩大和焦点后音高骤降(音域变窄),而焦点前音高变化不大;(2)焦点词和焦点前的词时长都有延长,而焦点后的词没有明显变化;(3)对焦点感知的正确率平均可达90%左右,表明焦点的韵律编码方式是有效的感知线索;(4)感知实验及语调分析还显示,维吾尔语"中性焦点"语调特征与英语和汉语不同,它接近句首焦点而不是句末焦点。另外,论文特别讨论了"焦点后音高骤降"在中国语言中的分布及来源问题。

     

    Abstract: Prosodic encoding of focus in Uygur was experimentally studied. Speakers were asked to read aloud sentences in an appropriate way by emphasizing a corresponding word in a certain context. The perception of focus was also studied. Extensive acoustic analysis shows that, (1) Taken final-focus as the baseline, the encoding of focus on intonation in Uygur is similar to the tri-zone adjustment of focus in English and Putonghua, that is, the focused word has an expanded pitch range and post-focus words have a lower and compressed pitch range, whereas the pitch range of pre-focus words remain largely intact. (2) Word duration is lengthened in focused and pre-focus words. (3) The correct perception of focus is up to 90.3%, which suggests that the prosodic encoding of focus is effective for perception. (4) The perception experiment further shows that the intonational contour of neutral focus in Uygur is similar to that of initial focus instead of final focus. In addition, the origin and distribution of "post-focus compression (PFC)" is discussed.

     

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