采用拖曳线列阵的海洋声学参数联合反演方法研究
Study on multi-step geoacoustic inversion with a towed line array
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摘要: 匹配场反演方法是快速获取海底声学参数的一种有效途径,但是其反映的是水体和海底空间变化环境的平均效果,对海底密度和衰减系数的敏感性较小,且在复杂海底环境下,不确定性明显增加。匹配场反演方法通常采用垂直阵来实现,其机动性较差,只能获得局部海区的环境参数。利用拖曳线列阵可以实现环境参数的走航式获取。提出了基于匹配场与反射损失联合反演的方法,利用其中之一的反演结果作为下一步反演的先验信息,敏感参数与不敏感参数多步反演,并逐步缩小了参数的优化空间。同时引入贝叶斯理论与蒙特卡罗方法对反演参数的后验概率密度进行分析,并利用反演结果的后验分布计算了传播损失随距离的概率分布。研究结果表明,联合反演方法对地声参数进行了更准确的反演,尤其是对海底声速反演效果提高明显。通过传播损失的概率分布发现,估计得到的海底参数用于声场预报时,误差较小。Abstract: Matched-Field Inversion(MFI)is an effective method which can infer the seabed parameters quickly.But it can only give an averaged estimation in the range-dependent environments,and has limited ability to obtain the bottom density and attenuation in a more complex environment.MFI has been performed usually using a Vertical Line Array (VLA)of sensors which has poor system mobility.The use of a Horizontal Line Array(HLA)can offer an inversion method in moving way.This paper combined components of Matched-field inversion and Reflection-loss inversion to develop a multi-step Bayesian inversion for geoacoustic parameters.This method applies the Posterior Probability Density(PPD)or inversion results from one inversion as prior information for subsequent inversion,the sensitive and insensitive parameters are determined respectively,and the search bounds are gradually narrowed.The Bayesian method and Markov-chain Monte Carlo approach were developed to get the distribution of PPD.In order to verify the inversion method,the statistical properties of transmission loss based on the posterior probability were introduced.The PPD results indicated that the multi-step inversion method was performed better than direct matched-field inversion,and some parameters' inversion results were improved significantly.From the transmission loss distribution,it can be seen that the predicted acoustic fields had smaller errors.