母语为汉语的听者听英语时的空间去掩蔽现象研究
Spatial release from masking for Chinese-native listeners in English speech recognition
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摘要: 通过心理声学实验研究了来自不同方向具有不同信噪比的两种干扰声条件下,母语为汉语的听者对英语的空间去掩蔽现象。在消声室指定位置布放扬声器,发出目标声和干扰声,通过听者对目标声进行听音识别,得到听者识别的正确率。实验结果显示:只在正前方播放目标语音时,识别正确率大于99%,当目标和干扰语音都位于听者正前方时,正确率为57%;当目标和干扰语音随机位于士60°时,正确率为96%;特别地,当目标语音和干扰信号都位于听者正前方时,若干扰为噪声,随着信噪比从0 dB降低到-12 dB,正确率从96%降低到34%,而当干扰为语音时,随着信噪比从0 dB降低到-12 dB,正确率先是下降,随后有平均幅度为27%的明显上升,在此之后又是下降的趋势;当噪声干扰和语音干扰位于60°时,随着信噪比从-4 dB降低到-16 dB,正确率分别从99%降低到80%和从98%降低到91%。研究表明:空间分离对于母语为汉语的听者的英语语音可懂度有明显增益;大多数情况下英语语音的正确率都随着信噪比的降低而下降。这和对母语为其他语言的相关研究结论一致。Abstract: Spatial release from masking for Chinese-native listeners in English environment is investigated in psychoacoustic experiments for two kinds of interferences from different directions and with different signal to noise ratio(SNR) signals.Both targets and interferences were produced by loudspeakers in an anechoic room and the correct rates of targets were obtained by listeners' recognition.The results of experiments showed that correct rate was above 99%when only speech targets were in front of listeners,the correct rate was about 57%when speech targets and speech interferences were both in front of listeners,and the correct rate was about 96%when speech targets and speech interferences were produced randomly from a direction of±60°.When speech targets and interferences were both in front of listeners,it is found that the correct rate dropped from 96%to 34%with decreasing SNR from 0 dB to—12 dB under the condition that noise interferences were in front of listeners.While speech interferences were in front of listeners,the correct rate first dropped,then rose by 27%and after that,resumed its declining.When the noise and speech interferences were produced from a direction of 60°,the correct rate dropped respectively from 99%to 80%and from 98%to 91%with SNR decreasing from—4 dB dB to—16 dB.The conclusions are that the spatial separation has an obvious gain effect on English speech intelligibility of Chinese-native listeners,and the correct rate dropped with SNR decreasing under most situations.This agrees well with the conclusion of the related researches on other native languages.