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中文核心期刊

一种2.5维井间透射波层析成像方法

An approach to 2.5-D crosswell seismic transmission tomography

  • 摘要: 提出了一种2.5维井间地震透射波走时层析成像方法。考虑实际钻井轨迹的三维空间展布和井间地震射线对三维模型覆盖次数的严重不足,建立了2.5维井间速度模型。结合钻井、测井等获得的地层资料,把模型离散成2.5维水平梯形棱柱单元,每个单元慢度用其左右边界处的离散慢度值的线性函数表示。根据Fermat原理,提出了基于这种2.5维离散模型的三维射线追踪算法,并用预条件共轭梯度优化算法解层析反演问题。该方法适于井孔偏斜的情况,能很好地描述地层起伏和速度的变化,方便地使用先验信息进行建模和约束,提高了层析成像结果的可靠性和分辨率。对理论合成资料和实际采集资料皆取得了良好的应用效果。

     

    Abstract: We present an approach to crosswell transmission travel time tomography in this article. The trajectory of a real well varies in three dimensions. The crosswell seismic rays are severely insufficient to cover the 3-D model. Thus the 2.5-D crosswell velocity model is constructed and then is divided into a set of 2.5-D horizontally trapezoid prism elements in the light of the prior data of stratigraphy and structures from the drilling or logging and so on. Each element has the slope top and bottom planes with different angles, two vertical side planes in x direction and two vertical side planes in y direction. The velocity of each element is represented as a linear polynomial of x, which is determined using the velocity values at its two side planes in x direction. We also proposed a 3-D raytracing algorithm for this 2.5-D discrete model. And the tomographic inversion is implemented using precondition conjugate gradients algorithm. The tomography approach here can handle severe well deviations, describe effectively the undulation of the layer interfaces and the variations of the velocity, use conveniently the prior geologic and geophysical information as the constraints, and improve thus greatly the reliability and the resolution of the tomograms.

     

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