小孔消声器的流量和噪声特性
CHARATERISTICS OF THE FLOW RATE AND NOISE RADIATION OF MICROPORE MUFFLER
-
摘要: 本文对小孔消声器的流量流阻和噪声辐射与气室压力和小孔设计的关系进行了实验研究,并取得了规律。当气流的阻塞出现在小孔时,如小孔数不大,流量和噪声能量都与小孔数或其总面积成正比,反压力甚小,只在0.1大气压力上下。经过每个小孔的流量与气室压力(驻压)成正比,但有效面积只约为实际面积的60%,小孔总面积超过喷口面积的1.5倍后,流量逐渐饱和,最后达到喷口的流量。每个小孔产生的噪声则符合一般喷注噪声的规律。根据单个小孔噪声的指向性,可求得通过孔轴的表面上的平均噪声级,这个值应与管周开孔的小孔消声器在周围产生的噪声一致,实验证实了此点。因而求得一种方法,由与喷注垂直方向的噪声级可导出小孔消声器周围的噪声级,从而得到小孔消声器消声量的修正值,小孔间距对消声量的影响文中也作了进一步的分析。Abstract: In the present work, the flow rates and noise radiations of micropore and micropore muffler at different chamber pressures have been investigated. When the number of micro-pore of a micropore muffler is small (the total geometrical area of micropores is, say, less than 1.5 times the cross section area of the exhaust pipe) and the flow is choked at the micropores, the flow rate and noise radiation are proportional to the number of pores and the back pressure is very low, around 0.1 atmosphere pressure or so. The flow rate through each micropore is proportional to the chamber pressure or the stagnation pressure of micro-jet), but the effective area of micropore is only about 60 percent of its geometrical area. When the total geometrical area of pores is near 1.5 times the cross section area of the muffler inlet pipe, the increase of flow rate with the increase of the number of micropores will slow down and finally the total flow reaches a limit value equal to that of the bare exhaust pipe. The noise radiation of each micropore is calculated through the formula for a single small jet.
Knowing the directivity of a single microjet, the average noise level can be found around the jet in its meridian plane. Corrected by the number of micropores this average level should be equal to the noise level around the micropore muffler, when the pores are drilled around the exhaust pipe. Evperiments confirm this. The effect of the separation space between pores on noise reduction is also discussed.