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汉语语音的动态频谱

ON THE DYNAMIC SPECTRA OF SPEECH

  • 摘要: 利用为电话传输质量评价而设计的试验句,对汉语语音的动态特性进行了分析研究。发音人男女各六人,每个人分别在消声室中发音。试验条件包括:(1)五种不同的发话声级(距发音人唇部1m远,声级为55、60、65、70和75dB),(2)两种不同的说话速度(正常的和加快的)。试验结果表明:(1)语言的长时平均频谱随着总声级而改变,特别是低频和中频部分;(2)元音的基频F0和共振峰,特别是F1F2,随总声级的提高而提高,在相同坐标下所绘元音三角图平移并加大;(3)说话速度加快,元音三角图缩小,元音有央化的倾向;(4)总声级加大,元音-辅音(能量)比提高,但与辅音的发音方式有密切关系。

     

    Abstract: Using a testing sentence (Tā qù Wúxīshi, wǒ dào Hēilóngjiāng.) well designed for measurements of telephone transmission quality, we studied some dynamic characteristics of speech. 12 talkers uttered the testing sentence in an anechoic chamber individually. Testing conditions include: 1. different talker's efforts (SPL of speech at 1m from talker's lips at 56, 60, 65, 70, and 75 dB), 2 different utterence rates (normal and speed up). It is shown that(1)The long-term average spectrum of speech is varied with talker's effort and it is especially appeared in low and mid band of speech.(2)The fundamental frequency F0 and formant frequencies F1,F2,F3 are increased as increasing of the SPL of speech.(3)If utterance picks up speed, the vowel triangle tends to be smaller than normal i.e. the vowels tend to be centralized.(4)As a consequence of increasing SPL of speech vowel-to-consonant ratio is increased, but it depends on the manner of articulation of consonants.

     

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