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声-重力波在分层大气中传播频散的理论和测试结果

THE THEORETICAL AND OBSERVED DISPERSION OF ACOUSTIC-GRAVITY WAVE IN THE ATMOSPHERE

  • 摘要: 本文推导了计及重力效应运动媒质中的次声波动方程和用速度的散度表示的分层大气模型下的频散方程;并利用与实际大气较为接近的多层大气模型计算了声-重力波的频散特性。数值计算结果表明,相速度和群速度具有两个分支,即声分支和重力分支。声分支的频散受风的影响较大,通常顺风和逆风的情况下,在短周期部分群速度可差10%以上,而且频散较大。重力分支在某种大气模型下,可以出现几组,它们频散特性有较大的差别。这一新的结果符合实验得到大爆炸次声波传播的频散特性。

     

    Abstract: The equation of infrasonic wave taking into account the gravitational effect in moving media is derived, with multi-layer atmospheric model. The equations of frequency dispersion are specified by divergence of velocity, using a multi-layer atmospheric model. The dispersion characteristic of acoustic-gravity wave is evaluated. Numerical results have shown that both the phase and group velocities are of two kinds, the acoustical and gravitational. The dispersion of the acoustical velocities are more sensitive to wind. Usually the short period group velocity in downwind can differ as large as 10% from that in upwind. In some atmospheric model, the gravitational velocities are again divided to several groups, with different dispersion characteristics. The new results of infrasonic dispersion characteristics agree well with the observations from the nuclear explosion.

     

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