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强噪声等环境因素对人听觉功能的影响

EFFECTS OF INTENSIVE NOISE AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON HUMAN AUDITORY FUNCTIONS

  • 摘要: 本工作研究了在一次持续百余天的模拟试验中强噪声(95—110分贝,每天8小时)、高室温(35℃)等环境因素对人听觉功能的影响。9名受试者在进入模拟环境后,听力在30多天时下降最多达25—35分贝,以后即趋于稳定。音调辨别阈△F在60天后才开始增大,并有随时间而继续增大的趋势。响度辨别阈、声源定位误差、短期记忆正确率等在整个试验中均无明显的规律性变化。在离开模拟环境后,听力和△F在数天至一月内完全恢复正常。试验结果表明,所给的环境条件对人听觉功能的影响是暂时性的。文中讨论了环境因素对神经系统总功能状态的影响及其评定问题。

     

    Abstract: Measurements of the auditory functions were made successively on normal human subjects staying in a stressing experimental environment. One of the main straining factors was the noise recorded from an engine and reproduced by loudspeakers. The daily dosage of exposure was:110dB for 1 hr., 104 dB for 3 hrs., 95 dB for 4 hrs. and 75 dB for 16 hrs. Other environmental conditions consisted of high room temperature (35℃, 8 hrs. daily), high relative humidity, narrow space of residence, limitation of water supply, moderate mental and physical loading etc. Pure tone thresholds, differential threshold of pitch and of loudness, accuracy of sound localization and immediate memory of speech signals were chosen as indices to assess the auditory functions.

     

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