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中文核心期刊

厅堂中混响时间测量的一些实际问题

SOME PRACTICAL PROBLEMS IN THE MEASUREMENT OF REVERBERATION TIME IN AUDITORIA

  • 摘要: 本文根据多年来在一些大厅中进行混响时间测量(空场和满场)的经验,以及利用不同声源所积累的资料,分析了测量的误差。由于记录读数误差导致的混响时间的变异系数可控制在5%左右,而由于厅内声场不均匀性所引起的变异系数则在10%左右。至于利用不同声源所得结果之间的偏差则往往小于上述的误差范围,因此它们的差异并不显著。比较时所用声源有乐队、白噪声、啭音、发令枪声和气球的爆破声。本文还指出,在某些厅堂中测得的混响时间重复率较低,类似情况或更严重者(相差达50—100%)在文献中亦有报导,值得注意。因此,制订规范化的测量方法也就非常必要。为模拟厅堂满场条件的声学特性,曾利用棉衣代替观众进行了混响时间的比较性测量,结果基本上一致。

     

    Abstract: On the basis of several years of experiences in the measurement of R.T. in auditoria (with empty and full audience), and of the accumulated data experimenting with different sound sources, in this article the deviations of measurement results are examined and analysed. The coefficients of variation of measured R.T. due to recorded reading's deviation are within about 5% under carefully controlled conditions; while the coefficients of variation due to non-uniformity of sound field in normal halls come within 10% approximately. With regard to the deviations among measured results from different sound sources, they are always below the deviation scope mentioned above. Therefore no significant difference can be observed. The sources of sound, both in a steady state and in an impulse state, used for comparison, include an orchestra playing staccato chords, a white noise and a warble tone from a loudspeaker, a blast from a sport pistol and a burst of a children's toy balloon.
    Occasionally large deviations are observed in the R.T. measurements in the same hall by different authors, there fore a normalized method for R.T. measurement should be considered.
    In order to find the reverberation time in the full occupied condition, cotton padded garments are used to simulate the acoustic absorption of real audience and the results are quite satisfactory.

     

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