浅海孤立子内波作用下的三维声场空间特性
Influence of internal solitary waves on the three-dimensional sound spatial characteristics in shallow sea
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摘要: 针对浅海环境下孤立子内波对声场空间特性的影响, 以三维抛物方程理论及高精度根式算子近似方法为基础, 建立了适应孤立子内波环境的三维声场计算方法。充分考虑孤立子内波传播特点与浅海中点源柱扩散形式的声场结构特征, 形成以直角坐标系−柱坐标系的联合环境处理的声场计算形式, 通过改变环境参数输入形式, 提升了计算效率, 并研究了孤立子内波影响下的三维声场分布特性。结果表明, 平坦海底情况下, 内波影响下的三维声场垂直和水平分布结构均发生变化, 且随频率增加而增大, 尤其是声源深度在跃层附近时变化更为明显; 非平坦海底环境下, 三维声场受到非水平海底和内波的双重调制作用, 导致孤立子内波影响下的声场水平分布变化进一步加剧, 从而在一定程度上反映出海底地形这一大尺度非均匀性对声场产生的水平折射效应以及对声传播特性的影响。Abstract: Aiming at the problem of the influence of internal soliton waves on the spatial characteristics of sound field in shallow sea environment, a three-dimensional underwater sound field calculation method adapted to soliton internal wave environment is established based on the theory of three-dimensional parabolic equation and its high-precision radical operator approximation method. Considering the propagation characteristics of internal soliton waves and the structural characteristics of the sound field in the form of point source column diffusion in shallow sea, the sound field calculation based on the rectangular coordinate system and cylindrical coordinate system is formed. By changing the input form of environmental parameters, the calculation efficiency is improved, and the three-dimensional sound field distribution characteristics under the influence of internal soliton waves are studied. The results show that the vertical and horizontal distribution structure of the three-dimensional sound field under the influence of internal waves changes and increases with the increase of frequency, especially when the depth of the sound source is near the thermocline. In the non-flat seabed environment, the three-dimensional sound field is modulated by the non-horizontal seabed and internal waves, which leads to the change of the horizontal distribution of the sound field under the influence of the soliton internal waves. This further reflects the horizontal refraction effect of the large-scale non-uniformity of the seabed topography on the sound field and the influence of the sound propagation characteristics to a certain extent.