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中文核心期刊

深海声影区舰船的三维被动定位实验研究

Experimental investigation on three-dimensional passive positioning for vessels in deep ocean shadow zones

  • 摘要: 在中纬度4000 m以深的深海海域, 当声源与接收器皆在200 m以浅时, 几十千米范围内存在传播损失很大的声影区。深海中声影区的水平距离空间范围达80%~90%。水下平台对水面舰艇的探测至关重要, 一般声呐处理增益有限, 另外也很难分辨水面和水下目标, 因此如何实现对声影区中舰船目标探测及三维被动定位十分重要。本文利用类似于被动合成孔径声呐的信号处理方法, 提高信号输出信噪比和方位分辨率; 提出一种基于声场时频干涉结构的深海声场相干匹配定位方法, 实现对目标距离和深度的估计; 同时, 利用估计的距离和深度结果, 很好地修正了深海声影区目标的测向误差。通过深海海上实验检验了方法的有效性。

     

    Abstract: In deep-sea areas at mid-latitudes with depths exceeding 4000 m, a significant acoustic shadow zone exists when both the sound source and receiver are located within 200 m of the surface. Within a range of several tens of kilometers, this region exhibits substantial propagation loss, covering 80%–90% of the horizontal spatial extent. Detecting surface vessels is critical for underwater platforms. Conventional sonar systems have limited processing gain and struggle to distinguish between surface and underwater targets. Therefore, achieving detection and three-dimensional passive localization of ship targets within the acoustic shadow zone is of paramount importance. This study employs a signal processing method analogous to passive synthetic aperture sonar to enhance the output signal-to-noise ratio and azimuth resolution. Additionally, based on the time-frequency interference structure, field coherent matching localization method is proposed and deep learning techniques are utilized for search to estimate target range and depth. Finally, the bearing error in the deep ocean shadow zone has been corrected based on target range and depth. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated through an experiment conducted in the deep sea.

     

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