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中文核心期刊

分步波束形成和反卷积联合的面阵波达方向估计方法

Direction of arrival estimation jointing two-stage beamforming and deconvolution for an area array

  • 摘要: 针对圆弧形面阵在水下进行二维波达方向估计中存在计算复杂度高的问题, 提出了一种分步波束形成和反卷积联合的快速计算方法。该方法首先将面阵的高维导向向量分解为两个低维导向向量克罗内克积的形式, 通过水平和垂直方向分步加权实现二维波达方向的快速计算, 然后通过二维方位扫描谱分解重构的方式将其与一维反卷积波束形成相结合, 可实现二维规则面阵的快速、高分辨波达方向估计。仿真结果表明, 所提方法的计算量比二维最小方差无失真响应波束形成方法低两到三个数量级, 且该方法对目标的分辨能力和角度估计性能也更强。湖试数据进一步验证了该方法的波达方向估计性能和技术实现的可行性, 相比于二维最小方差无失真响应方法, 其具有更好的目标分辨能力和噪声抑制能力。

     

    Abstract: To address the challenging computational complexity associated with the two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation underwater in curved-surface arrays, this study introduces a fast calculation method jointing two-stage beamforming and deconvolution. Firstly, the method decomposes the high-dimensional steering vector of the array into the Kronecker product of two low-dimensional steering vectors. This favors fast computation of the two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation by horizontal and vertical beam weighting. Then it is combined with one-dimensional deconvolution beamforming through two-dimensional spatial spectrum decomposition and reconstruction. This realizes the fast and high-resolution direction of arrival estimation of the two-dimensional regular area arrays. The simulation results show that the computational complexity of the proposed method is approximately two to three orders of magnitude lower than that of the two-dimensional minimum variance distortionless response (2D-MVDR) beamforming method. Moreover, the method demonstrates superior target resolution and more accurate angle estimation performance. The lake trial data further verifies the performance of this method in the direction of arrival estimation and confirms the feasibility of the technical implementation. Furthermore, the lake trial data also validates that this method offers better target resolution and noise suppression capabilities compared to the 2D-MVDR method.

     

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