采用能量守恒和高阶Padé近似的三维水声抛物方程模型
A three-dimensional parabolic equation model using energy-conserving and higher-order Padé approximant in underwater acoustics
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摘要: 为了充分考虑海底地形随三维空间变化的海洋环境中水平方位角耦合效应对声传播的影响,建立了一种三维柱坐标系下流体高阶抛物方程算法。该算法采用泰勒近似将二维方根算子分裂成一维方根算子,并采用分裂步进的高阶Pade近似将一维方根算子写成微分算子有理分式连乘的形式,进而应用Galerkin离散化方法来处理微分算子,最终将微分方程写成矩阵方程的形式;采用能量守恒近似来处理海底边界,以考虑复杂海底对于声传播的影响;采用交替方向隐式格式,实现了三维声场的步进计算。楔形和海底山等典型海域声场仿真计算表明,相比于已有的声场计算模型,三维柱坐标系下高阶抛物方程模型可以更加精确地计算楔形海域和海底山区域的三维声场,实现水平方位全空间声场计算。Abstract: To fully consider the horizontal coupling effect on sound propagation in a three dimensional waveguide with varying topography, a three-dimensional higher-order fluid parabolic equation model is developed in the cylindrical coordinate. In the model, the two-dimensional square operator is split into the one-dimensional square operators by Taylor expansion, and the one-dimensional square operators are replaced with the product of rational fractions of differential operators using a split-step higher-order Pad@method, as a result, the differential equation is represented with a matrix equation through the Galerkin discretization method. Besides, the energy-conserving assumption is used to deal with the ocean bottom boundaries to consider the influence of complicated ocean topographies on sound propagation. The recursion calculation of three-dimensional sound field is achieved using an alternating direction implicit format. Some sound propagation calculations of typical ocean topographies are presented, such as wedges and seamounts. Results show that the three-dimensional higher-order parabolic equation model in cylindrical coordinates can achieve higher accuracies of sound field calculations under the cases of wedges and seamounts, comparing with the existing models. The all-space field calculations are realized by the developed model.