基于有限元法的小房间内吸声材料位置研究
Investigation on absorptive material position in small rooms with finite element method
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摘要: 利用有限元法建立了四种小房间模型,通过对小房间内100 Hz以下声场的研究,发现了100 Hz以下声场情况下小房间内布置吸声材料的有效位置。计算结果表明:矩形小房间所有墙角处都是所有模式的声压极大值位置,而对于非矩形小房间,某些墙角处的声压分布较复杂,甚至出现了较多的模式的声压极小值。改变吸声材料位置,比较平均声压级曲线,可见吸声材料位置不同对曲线平坦度有较大影响,混响室内的实验也验证了这一点。为了保证较高的吸声效率,应将吸声材料设置在低频模式的声压极大值集中的地方,同时应避免将其设置在模式的声压极小值集中的地方。因此,为了有效布置吸声材料,不能直接利用模态叠加法针对矩形小房间的结论,而采用有限元法进行具体分析是有效的。Abstract: Four small rooms have been modeled by finite element method, and the proper position for the absorptive material is found through the investigation on the sound field below 100 Hz. It is shown that the modes' maximum pressure occur in all the corners in the rectangular room, but in the non-rectangular rooms, the pressure distribution is complex in some corners where some modes' minimum pressure may even occur. By comparing the average SPL curves with different absorptive material positions, it is seen that the proper absorptive material position contributes greatly to the flatness of the curves, which is also proved by experiments in a reverberation room. So the absorptive material should be placed not in the corners where the mode's minimum pressure gathered but where the modes' maximum pressure gathered. In order to place absorptive material effectively in non-rectangular rooms, the conclusion drawn by modal superposition method in rectangular rooms shouldn't be applied directly, and it is favorable to analyze the non-rectangular rooms' sound field by the finite element method.