论室内声场
Theory of sound field in a room
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摘要: 室内声场的经典理论中只有简正波(混响声)而缺乏直达声,这不符合实际。实际上声源具有二重作用,或说声源的作用有两项功能。一是声源按自由空间辐射声波,只要不遇到室的墙壁、边界,就不会改变。自由辐射达到任一边界后,就逐渐失去其球面波的特性,成为被反射为壁面上的一系列小波,时间、空间、方向都是无规分布,但是小波的来源都可推到声源上,这是第二功能。这些小波继续传播、反射,最后形成室内允许的驻波,这些就是简正波了。所以声源既是直达声波的声源,又是室内驻波的声源。据此可改正室内声波方程,解出室内声场,包括直达声波和简正波,并求得直达声和混响声的关系。声衰变过程的特性。声衰变中,稳态声中的直达声不会立刻停止,其后果值得注意。Abstract: In the classical theory of the forced vibration in a room it gives a series of normal modes as the solution. The reason for this result is because only normal modes are assumed for the source. In fact, the source inside a room serves two functions: It radiates directly as in free space before limited by the boundaries of the room, and after being reflected by the boundary surfaces, the first reflected waves loss the spherical wave characters and become a number of wavelets, randomly distributed in space and time on the boundaries but all traced back to the original source, and it is these wavelets that produce the normal modes. With this in view, the wave equation may be formulated, and exact sound pressure obtained, with both direct radiation and reverberant terms explicitly expressed. The steady-state sound field and the reverberation property of the room are obtainal. Both are influenced by the introduction of the direct radiation term, these are all discussed.